Interactive Map

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Concentration camp initially established in July 1941 for the incarceration of Soviet soldiers and civilian prisoners. Under Operation “Reinhard” Trawniki was used as a training facility for police deployments and, between June 1942 and September 1943, housed Jewish forced laborers. From September 1943, Trawniki was part of the Majdanek camp complex. Approximately 6,000 inmates were shot during Operation “Harvest Festival” on November 3, 1943.

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One of three killing centers established under Operation “Reinhard,” the plan to murder all Jews in the Generalgouvernement in Nazi-occupied Poland. Sobibor operated from April 1942 - October 1943. During that time, an estimated 167,000 people were murdered there in gas chambers using carbon monoxide gas from diesel engines.

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The principle concentration camp for the Berlin area, Sachsenhausen was established in July 1936 near the town of Oranienburg (the Oranienburg concentration camp had been closed in 1934). During the Kristallnacht pogroms of November 1938, some 30,000 Jews were arrested throughout Germany and held in concentration camps at Sachsenhausen (c. 6,000), Dachau and Buchenwald. Henry Lowenstein's uncle George was among them. Some weeks later, Henry rode his bicycle from Berlin to Oranienburg to see the camp.

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Site of the Rosenstrasse Demonstration. For several weeks in February-March 1943, non-Jewish family members of Jews detained during the Fabrikaktion (Factory Action) roundup of February 27, 1943 protested outside of a building at Rosenstrasse 2-4 in Berlin to demand the release of their detained relatives. Henry Lowenstein's father Max was among those rounded up in the Fabrikaktion and detained at Rosenstrasse 2-4. His mother and sister joined the demonstration, which was one of the only public protests against the treatment of the Jews in Germany under the Nazis.